Portal:Lebanon

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The Lebanon Portal

A view of Byblos, Lebanon

WP:Lebanon

Lebanon (/ˈlɛbənɒn, -nən/ LEB-ə-non, -⁠nən; Arabic: لُبْنَان, romanized: lubnān, Lebanese Arabic pronunciation: [lɪbˈneːn]; French: Liban), officially the Republic of Lebanon (Arabic: الجمهورية اللبنانية) or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus lies to its west across the Mediterranean Sea; its location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland has contributed to its rich history and shaped a cultural identity of religious diversity. It is part of the Levant region of the Middle East. Lebanon is home to more than five million people and covers an area of 10,452 square kilometres (4,036 sq mi), making it the second-smallest country in continental Asia. The official language of the state is Arabic, while French is also formally recognized; Lebanese Arabic is the country's vernacular with French & English being significantly present with Modern Standard Arabic being limited to news and government matters.

The earliest evidence of civilization in Lebanon dates back to 5,000 BCE. From c. 3200–539 BC, it was home to the flourishing Phoenician civilization before being annexed by various Near Eastern empires. In 64 BC, the Roman Empire conquered the region, and the region became a major center for Christianity under the Byzantine Empire. In the 7th century, the Muslim conquest of the Levant established caliphal rule. The 11th century saw the start of the Crusades and the establishment of Crusader states in the region only for it to be later reclaimed by the Ayyubids and Mamluks before being ceded to the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century. Under Sultan Abdulmejid I, the first Lebanese protostate took form in the 19th century as the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate, created as a home for the Maronite Christians under the Tanzimat reforms.

Lebanon is a developing country, ranking 112th on the Human Development Index. It has been classified as an upper middle income state. However, the Lebanese liquidity crisis, corruption as well as recent events have precipitated the collapse of currency, political instability, widespread shortages, high unemployment and poverty. The World Bank defined the economic crisis in Lebanon as one of the worst in the world since the 19th century. Despite the country's small size, Lebanese culture is renowned both in the Middle East and globally, primarily powered by its extensive diaspora. Lebanon is a founding member of the United Nations and the Arab League, and a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, and the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. (Full article...)

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Al Shouf Cedar Nature Reserve is a nature reserve in the Chouf and Aley districts of Lebanon. It is located on the slopes of Jebel Baruk mountain and has an area of 550 km² (210 sq mi), nearly 5.3% of the Lebanese territory, making it the largest natural reserve in Lebanon.

The reserve contains the Lebanon cedar forests of Barouk, Maaser el Shouf and Ain Zhalta-Bmohray. It is an Important Bird Area (IBA) and Eco-tourism area. It hosts 32 species of wild mammals, 200 species of birds, and 500 species of plants. (Full article...)

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... that a 2010 study found 1,000 people living in Al-Ghuraba cemetery in Tripoli, Lebanon?
... that the Southern Lebanese villages of Safad El Battikh, Kafra and Ayta al-Jabal were mentioned in 1596 Ottoman tax records?
... that Lebanese academic Zahia Kaddoura was the first woman to be appointed a dean at the Lebanese University?
... that the 1958 Lebanese presidential election was held during an armed rebellion while 10,000 US troops were deployed in the nation?
... that English musician Jane Weaver's album Flock was inspired by Lebanese torch songs, 1980s Russian Aerobics records, and Australian punk music?
... that many dishes in Lebanese cuisine can be traced back thousands of years to eras of Roman, Greek, Persian, Byzantine, Arab, Egyptian, and Phoenician rule?

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Al Ahed Football Club (Arabic: نادي العهد الرياضي, lit. 'The Covenant Sporting Club') is a football club based in Ouzai, a district in Beirut, Lebanon, that competes in the Lebanese Premier League, the top flight of Lebanese football. The club was founded in 1964 as Al Ahed Al Jadeed, starting in the Third Division, before they first reached the Lebanese Premier League for the first time in 1996.

Nicknamed "the Yellow Castle" (Arabic: القلعة الصفراء), Ahed have won one AFC Cup title, nine Premier League titles, six FA Cup titles, eight Super Cup titles, six Elite Cup titles, and one Federation Cup title. They earned their first league title in 2008, and have won three unbeaten (in 2010, 2018 and 2022). In 2011, Ahed became the first team in Lebanon to accomplish both a domestic treble and quadruple after they won the league, the cup, the Super Cup, and the Elite Cup in the same season. In 2019, Ahed became the first Lebanese side to win the AFC Cup, defeating North Korean side April 25 in the final.

The club primarily receives support from the Shia community in Lebanon; they are also affiliated with Hezbollah, a Lebanese Shia political party and militant group. Ahed are rivals with fellow Beirut clubs Nejmeh and Ansar. Their ultras group, formed in 2018, is called "Ultras Yellow Inferno". (Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various Lebanon-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Gibran Khalil Gibran Garden and surroundings in Centre Ville, Majidiye, Beirut (from Culture of Lebanon)
Image 2Aftermath of the 4 August 2020 Beirut explosion (from History of Lebanon)
Image 3Rue Maarad is a main street in the central district (from Culture of Lebanon)
Image 4Lebanon Parliament 2018 (from Politics of Lebanon)
Image 5Map of the Shebaa farms (from History of Lebanon)
Image 6Protesters in Beirut. Mohammad Al-Amin Mosque, 20 October 2019 (from History of Lebanon)
Image 7A map of Mount Lebanon c. AD 1180 (from History of Lebanon)
Image 8Bashir Shihab II (from History of Lebanon)
Image 9Portrait of Fakhreddine while he was in Tuscany, stating "Faccardino grand emir dei Drusi" translated as "Fakhreddine: great emir of the Druze" (from History of Lebanon)
Image 10Map showing power balance in Lebanon, 1976:
Dark Green – controlled by Syria;
Purple – controlled by Maronite groups;
Light Green – controlled by Palestinian militias (from History of Lebanon)
Image 11Christian Church and Druze Khalwa in Shuf Mountains: Historically; the Druzes and the Christians in the Shuf Mountains lived in complete harmony. (from History of Lebanon)
Image 12City of Zahlé at the eastern edge of the Mount Lebanon Range in eastern Lebanon (from Culture of Lebanon)
Image 13Portrait of Elie Hobeika (from History of Lebanon)
Image 14Sidewalk Cafes are a trademark of the BCD (from Culture of Lebanon)
Image 15A selection of Lebanese dishes from Cafe Nouf Restaurant in London (from Culture of Lebanon)
Image 16Beirut in 1950 (from History of Lebanon)
Image 17A building in Ghazieh, near Sidon, bombed by the Israeli Air Force (IAF), 20 July 2006 (from History of Lebanon)
Image 18Aerial photo of Beirut, Lebanon's capital (from Culture of Lebanon)
Image 19An array of Lebanese cuisine. (from Culture of Lebanon)
Image 20The Green Line that separated West and East Beirut, 1982 (from History of Lebanon)
Image 21Anti-Syrian protesters heading to Martyrs' Square in Beirut on foot and in vehicles, 13 March 2005 (from History of Lebanon)
Image 22Map showing power balance in Lebanon, 1983: Green – controlled by Syria, purple – controlled by Christian groups, yellow – controlled by Israel, blue – controlled by the United Nations (from History of Lebanon)
Image 23Csontváry Kosztka, Tivadar - Pilgrimage to the Cedars of Lebanon (from Culture of Lebanon)
Image 24Khalil Gibran (April 1913) (from Culture of Lebanon)
Image 25Fakhreddine II (from History of Lebanon)
Image 26Palm trees at the seafront in Corniche Beirut (from Culture of Lebanon)
Image 27Beiteddine Palace, venue of the Beiteddine Festival (from Culture of Lebanon)
Image 28Fairuz playing guitar (from Culture of Lebanon)
Image 29The Grand Serail also known as the Government Palace is the headquarters of the Prime Minister of Lebanon (from Politics of Lebanon)
Image 30Flag as drawn and approved by the members of the Lebanese parliament during the declaration of independence in 1943 (from History of Lebanon)