Turkish exonyms

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    An exonym is a place name, used by non-natives of that place, that differs from the official or native name for that place. Turkish has a wealth of exonyms in areas beyond the current borders of Turkey notably those that were once part of Ottoman Empire and its vassals and tributaries or within the Turkish, Ottoman, or a Turkic sphere of cultural or economic influence. In addition, Turkish sometimes renders the names of other cities in a phonetic Turkish spelling, e.g., Chicago as Şikago or Manchester as Mançester. As these forms are not commonly used in Turkish, there is not a systematic attempt to include them here.

    Cities are grouped by country and then listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by Turkish variants in order of significance. A blue asterisk generally indicates the availability of a Turkish Wikipedia article for that city under that name which may also provide additional reference for the equivalence.

    Afghanistan[edit]

     Afghanistan
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    Aqchah Akça, Akçe
    Badakhshan Badahşan, Bedahşan
    Balkh Belh
    Chaghcharan Çaǧçaran
    Farah Ferah
    Fayzabad Feyzabad
    Ghazni Gazne, Gazni
    Hazarajat Hazarecat, Hazaristan
    Herat Herat, Hırat
    Hindu Kush Hindikuş, Hindukuş
    Islam Qala İslam Kale, Kafir Kale
    Jalalabad Celalabat
    Kabul Kâbil
    Kandahar Kandahar, Kandehar
    Lashkargah Büst, Leşkergah
    Mazari Sharif Mezar-ı Şerif
    Meymaneh Maymana
    Morghab Murgap
    Musa Qala Musa Kale
    Oruzgan Oruzgan, Uruzgan
    Panjshir Panşir, Penşir
    Sare-e Pol Sar-i Pol, Sar-ı Pul
    Sherberghan Şibirgan, Şıbırgan, Şiraban
    Shindand Sebzevar
    Shir Khan Bandar Güzel Kale, Şir Han Bender
    Taloqan Talhan, Talkan, Talukan
    Wakhan Vahan, Vehan
    Zabulistan Zabulistan, Zebilistan
    Zaranj Zaranc, Zaranç, Zarani, Zaranka, Zerre

    Albania[edit]

     Albania
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    Berat Berat, Belgrad(-ı Arnvaud), Arnavutbelgrat
    Bilisht Behlişte, Bihlişte
    Bojana River Boyana, Buna
    Burrel Mat, Burel
    Buthrotum Butrint
    Cape of Rodon Kazık Burnu
    Delvinë Delvine, Delvinye
    Drin Dirin
    Dukagjin Highlands Dukakin, Dukagin
    Durrës Dıraç;[1] Duraç, Turaç
    Elbasan Elbasan, İlbasan, İlbesan
    Erseka Erseke, Kolonya, Ersek
    Fier Fier, Ferecik
    Gjirokastër Ergiri (Kasrı), Eǧrikasr(ı), Ergirokastri, Argirikasrı
    Gramsh Grameç
    Iballë Altınali
    Ishëm İsmid, İzmid, İzmit
    Kavayë Kavaye
    Kelmend (municipality) Klemente
    Korçë Göriçe, Kör(i)çe;[1] Hemhudut
    Krujë Akçahisar, Akçehisar, Aksaray
    Lake Skadar İşkodra, Boyana
    Lezhë Leş, Eşim, Selimiye
    Librazhd Libraş
    Lushnjë Loşna, Luşna
    Mallakastër Malakas(t)ra, Kasr-ı Mal
    Moscopole Timuri(n)çe, Tomorumce, Timorimce, İskopol, Oskopol, Voskopoya
    Orosh Uruş
    Peqin Peklin, Bekleyin
    Përmet Per(e)medi
    Peshkopi Debre-i Zir, Peşkopi, Piskopoya
    Pogradec Pogradaş, İstrarova, İstarye, İstarve
    Sarandë Aya Sarandi, Aya berande, Sarandoz
    Sazan Island Sazan Adası, Sazana
    Shëngjin Şingin, Şenkin
    Shkodër İşkodra;[1] İskenderiye-i Arnavud
    Shkumbin İşkomi Nehri
    Shpat İşbat
    Skrapar İsk(a)rapar, Uskurbar, Iskırapar
    Tirana Tiran,[1] Terane Tiranë Albanian
    Tepelenë Tepdelen, Depedelen
    Vlorë Avlonya

    Algeria[edit]

     Algeria
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    Aïn El Turk Ayn el-Türk, Eyn el-Türk
    Aïn Turk Ayn Türk, Eyn Türk
    Algiers Cezayir, Cezair-i Magrib, Cezair-i Garb, Argel
    Annaba Annabe, Unnabe, Bone, Beled-i Annab, Anabe, Beled-i Unnab
    Arzew Arzev
    Béjaïa Becaye, Bicaye, Becaya
    Biskra Biskira
    Blida Bilida
    Bouïra Buyra
    Cherchell Şerşel, Çerçel, Cercere, Şirşel
    Chlef Necce
    Collo El Kul, Kol
    Constantine Kosantina, Kosantine, Kasmatine, Kasantine, Konstantin(iyye)
    Dellys Tilis, Telis, Dellis
    Guelma Kelma
    Honaine Huneyn
    Hussein Dey Hüseyin Dayı
    Jijel Cicel, Çiçel, Cicelye, Şirşel
    Ketchaoua Mosque Keçiova Camii
    Koléa Kolah
    Mansourah Mansure
    Médéa Midya, Medye
    Mers El Kabir Mersel Kebir, Mersal Kebir
    Miliana Milyana
    Mostaganem Müstagânem, Mostaganem, Mosteganim
    Oran Oran, Vahran
    Peñón of Algiers Cezayir Kayalıǧı, Adakale, Cezayir Kalesi
    Sétif Satif, Setif
    Skikda Sakika
    Stora Ustora
    Ténès Tenes, Tanas
    Tizi Ouzou Tiziuzu
    Tlemcen Telmesan, Tilimsan, Tilemsen, Telmisan, Telemsan, Telemsen, Tremesen

    Andorra[edit]

     Andorra
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    Andorra la Vella Andoraa, El Darra, Endare

    Armenia[edit]

     Armenia
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    Abovyan Eller
    Aghin Aǧin
    Akhuryan Düzkent
    Alagyaz Alagöz, Çamışlı
    Alaverdi Allahverdi, Manes
    Aparan Baş Abaran, Baş Aparan
    Aragats Alagöz
    Ararat Develi
    Armavir Kurdukulu, Serdarabad, Şah Kirman
    Artashat Kemerli
    Artashavan İlançalan
    Arzni Serçeli
    Ashotsk Kızılkoç
    Aygedzor Kuleli
    Aryum Büyük Ayrım
    Bazmaghbyur Tekke
    Berd Tavuzkale, Tavuzkent
    Chambarak Çemberek
    Charetsavan Lusavan
    Dilijan Delican
    Garni Baş Gerni
    Gavar Kever, Yeni Bayazıt
    Goris Gorus, Goris
    Gyumri Gümrü, Kumayrı
    Hrazdan Aşaǧı Ahta
    Ijevan Kervansaray
    Jamshlu Küçük Camışlı
    Jermuk Kuşcu, İstisu, Cermik
    Karmrashen Kırmızılı
    Kapan Kafan, Kapan, Maden
    Maralik Molla Gökçe
    Martuni Aşaǧı Karanlık
    Masis Uluhanlı
    Mayisyan Ortakilise
    Metsamor Kemerli
    Mount Achkasar Aǧçala Daǧı
    Lake Sevan Gökçe Gölü
    Odzun Uzunlar
    Serdarapat Serdarabat, Serdarabad
    Shamlugh Şamlık
    Sisian Karakilise
    Sotk Zod
    Spitak Hamamlı
    Stepanavan Celaloǧlu
    Torunik Kızılşafak
    Tsaghkadzor Dereçiçek
    Tsoghamarg Çizikler
    Vagharshapat Üçkilise, Üçmüezzin, Eçmiyazin
    Vayk Soylan, Azizbekov
    Vanadzor Büyük Karakilis(e)
    Vardenis Basargeçer
    Vedi Büyük Vadi
    Vernashen Başkent
    Voskehask Molla Musa, Musahan
    Voskevaz Kızıldemir
    Yeghegnadzor Keşişkent
    Yerevan Erivan, Revan

    Austria[edit]

     Austria
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    Austria Üstürya, Usturya
    Bad Deutsch-Altenburg Altunbardak, Ovar
    Bruck an der Leitha Anporok
    Carinthia Dodoşka, Karenti, Karintiya Kärnten German
    Deutschkreuz Kerestire, Alamanhaçı
    Eisenstadt Kışmarton, Kışmaran, Zelezne
    Graz Gradçe, Graviçe, Graç
    Güssing Kösek, Nimet-(i) Uyvar
    Hainburg an der Donau Hanburg
    Heidenschuss Square Çerkez (Dayı) Meydanı
    Innsbruck Cisr-i Ene
    Kahlenberg Al(a)mandaǧı
    Klagenfurt Selofçe, Klagenfort
    Leitha Layta, Leyta, Litava
    Linz Linçe, Lin(e)ç, Lenz
    Mur River Mur, Mür(e), Mora, Morova, Morava
    Schlossberg Eşloş, İşloş
    Stephansdom İstifani Kilisesi
    Stephansplatz İstifani Meydanı
    Styria İstirya, Eşterya Steiermark German
    Wiener Neustadt Yenişehir-i Beç, Beçyenişehir

    Azerbaijan[edit]

     Azerbaijan
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    Absheron Abşeron, Apşeron
    Agdam Akdam, Aǧdam
    Aghdara Akdere
    Aǧstafa Akastafa, Ahıstafa, Ahıstabad, Ahıstav
    Baku Bakü Bakı Azeri
    Boyuk Zira Nargin Adası, Büyük Zire adası
    Chilov Çilov Adası, Ciloy Adası
    Füzuli Fuzuli, Karabulak
    Ganja Gence
    Gülüstan Gülistan
    Hadrut Akoǧlan, Aǧoǧlan, Hadrut Endonym mainly used
    Jabrayil Cebrail, Cebrayıl
    Jalilabad Celilabad
    Kalbajar Kelbecer, Kelpazar
    Khachmaz Kaçmaz
    Khankendi Hankendi
    Khojali Hocalı
    Kura river Kür Endonym mainly used
    Lankaran Lenkeran
    Mingachevir Mingeçevir
    Mount Bazardüzü Pazardüzü Daǧı
    Mount Kaputjugh Kapıcık Daǧı
    Nakhchivan Nahçivan
    Pirallahi Island Pirallahı Adası, Artem
    Qubadlı Kubatlı
    Şabran Şabran, Deveci
    Shaki Şeki
    Shamakhi Şamahı, Şomahi
    Şərur Şerîr, Şerur
    Shirvan Şirvan, Ali Bayramlı
    Shusha Şuşa, Şişe
    Siyəzən Kızıl Burun
    Slavyanka Kızılca
    Sumqayit Sumgayıt, Sumkayıt
    Suqovuşan Sukavuşan, Magadiz
    Tartar Terter
    Təpəkənd Tepekent, Tonaşen
    Xocavənd Hocavent, Hocavend, (Aşaǧı) Karanlık, Cumapazarı
    Xudafərin Hüdaferin
    Yevlakh Yevlah
    Zaqatala Zakatala, Zakatal
    Zəngilan Zengilan

    Belarus[edit]

     Belarus
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    Barysaw Borisov, Borisof
    Brest Berestiye, Brest-Litovsk
    Chavusy Çavuşy
    Iwye Öye, Eve, Ev
    Orsha Ada Kale

    Belgium[edit]

     Belgium
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    Antwerp Anvers Antwerpen Dutch
    Bruges Bruges Brugge Dutch
    Brussels Brüksel Bruxelles French
    Faymonville Faymonvil, Türkanya

    Bosnia-Herzegovina[edit]

    Bulgaria[edit]

    Main article: List of Turkish exonyms in Bulgaria
    Main article: List of cities of Thrace

    Central Asia[edit]

    Chad[edit]

     Chad
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    N'Djamena Encemine

    China[edit]

     China
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    Almaliq Elmalık
    Artux Ardıç, Artuç, Artış
    Beijing Pekin, Hanbalık
    Bortala Böretala, Bortala
    Gaochang Karahoca
    Guangzhou Kanton
    Hami Kumul
    Hanzhou Kansay
    Jimsar Cimisar, Jimisar, Beşbalık, Başbölük
    Kucha Kuça(r)
    Qinghai Gökdeniz
    Quanzhou Zeytun
    Shandong Şantun(balık), Sandun(balık)
    Shanghai Şangay, Şanǧay
    Shenyang Mukden
    Tacheng Çöçek
    Taklamakan Desert Termekan, Taklar Mekan Endonym mostly used
    Tian Shan Tanrı Daǧları
    Tianjin Tencin
    Turpan Turfan
    Yangtze River Gök Irmak
    Yarkant Yarkent
    Yellow River Sarı Irmak, Altın Nehir
    Yengisar Yeni Hisar
    Yining Kulca

    Comoros[edit]

    Croatia[edit]

    Cuba[edit]

    Cyprus[edit]

    Czechia[edit]

    Denmark[edit]

    Egypt[edit]

    Eritrea[edit]

    Ethiopia[edit]

    Europe[edit]

    Finland[edit]

    France[edit]

    Georgia[edit]

    Abkhazia[edit]

    South Ossetia[edit]

    Germany[edit]

     Germany
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    Bavaria Bavyera Bayern German
    Cologne Köln, Kolonya Kölle Colognian German
    Eastphalia Ostfalya Ostfalen German
    Landshut Lonçate
    Meissen Masla, Misniye
    Monschau Monşo
    Munich Münih Minga
    Rhine Ren Rhein German
    Passau Pojap
    Regensburg Ratisbon Regensburg German
    Saxony Saksonya Sachsen German
    Westphalia Vestfalya Westfalen German

    Greece[edit]

    Main article: List of Turkish exonyms in Greece
    Main article: List of cities of Thrace
    Main article: List of Aegean Islands

    Hungary[edit]

    India[edit]

    Indonesia[edit]

    Iran[edit]

    Iraq[edit]

    Israel[edit]

    Italy[edit]

    Japan[edit]

    Jordan[edit]

    Kazakhstan[edit]

    Kenya[edit]

    Kosovo[edit]

    Kyrgyzstan[edit]

    Latvia[edit]

    Lebanon[edit]

    Libya[edit]

    Lithuania[edit]

    Luxembourg[edit]

    Madagascar[edit]

    Malaysia[edit]

    Malta[edit]

    Mexico[edit]

    Moldova[edit]

    Mongolia[edit]

    Montenegro[edit]

    Morocco[edit]

    Mozambique[edit]

    Myanmar[edit]

    Netherlands[edit]

     Netherlands
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    Amsterdam Amstırdam, Amesterdam Amsterdam Dutch Endonym also used
    Gouda Huda, Hoda Gouda Dutch
    Rotterdam Lonçat Rotterdam Dutch
    The Hague Lahey Den Haag Dutch
    Turkeye Türkiye Turkeye Dutch

    North Korea[edit]

    North Macedonia[edit]

    Oman[edit]

    Pakistan[edit]

    Palestine[edit]

    Papua New Guinea[edit]

    Poland[edit]

    Portugal[edit]

    Romania[edit]

    Russia[edit]

    Saudi Arabia[edit]

    Serbia[edit]

    Slovakia[edit]

    Slovenia[edit]

    Somalia[edit]

    South Africa[edit]

     South Africa
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    Cape of Good Hope Ümit Burnu, Kavbono Espiranse

    South Korea[edit]

    Spain[edit]

    Sudan[edit]

     Sudan
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    Dongola Dongula
    Port Sudan Bür Sudan
    Suakin Sevakin, Savakin, Sevvakin

    Sweden[edit]

     Sweden
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    Gislaved Cızlavet, Cislavet
    Götgatan Götgatan Caddesi
    Ölmevalla Ölme Valla
    Stockholm Stokholm, İstokholm

    Switzerland[edit]

     Switzerland
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    Geneva Cenev(r)e
    Gruyères Gravyer
    Lausanne Lozan
    Lucerne Luzern
    Montreux Montrö
    Neuchâtel Nöşatel, Nöşetel
    Ouchy Uşi

    Syria[edit]

    Tajikistan[edit]

     Tajikistan
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    Darvoz Darvaz
    Gorno-Badakhshan Daǧlık Bedahşan
    Hisor Hisar
    Istaravshan Uratepe
    Karakul Karagöl
    Khujand Hocant, Hucand, Hucend
    Kofarnihon Yeni Pazar, Vahdat
    Kulob Gölab, Külyab, Külyap, Kolyab, Hatlan `
    Panjakent Pencikent
    Qabodiyonb Kabadyan
    Qurghonteppa Kurgantepe
    Shaartuz Şehr-i Tuz
    Tursunzoda Tursunzade

    Tanzania[edit]

     Tanzania
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    Dar es Salaam Darüsselam, Dar es Selam
    Kilwa Kisiwani Kilva
    Pemba Island Peneye, Yeşil Ada
    Tanganyika Tanganika
    Zanzibar Zencibar, Zencivar Endonym also used

    Tunisia[edit]

    Turkey[edit]

    Main article: Geographical name changes in Turkey
    Main article: List of renamed cities, towns and regions in Turkey
    Main article: List of cities of Thrace

    Turkmenistan[edit]

     Turkmenistan
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    Anau Ab-ı Nev, Anev, Anav
    Ashgabat Aşkabat
    Atamurat Kerki Endonym also used
    Balkanabat Nebitdaǧ Endonym also used
    Baýramaly Bayram-Ali, Bayramalı
    Bereket Kazancık Endonym also used
    Dandanaqan Dandanakan
    Daşoguz Taşhavuz Endonym also used
    Garabogaz Karaboǧaz, Bektaş
    Garrygala Kara-Kale, Mahtumkulu
    Geok Tepe Göktepe
    Gumdag Kumdaǧ
    Hazar Çeleken Endonym also used
    Konye-Urgench Köhne Ürgenç, Eski Ürgenç, Lucanya, Gürgenç, Curcan, Cürcan
    Kopet Dag Köpetdaǧ
    Magdanly Gavurdaǧ, Madenli, Maǧdandlı
    Merv Marı Endonym also used
    Nisa Nusay Endonym also used
    Serdar Kızılarvat, Kızılavrat
    Serhetabat Serhetabad, Guşkı, Kuşka
    Türkmenabat Çarcu, Amul Endonym also used
    Türkmenab Türkmenbaşı, Kızılsu

    Ukraine[edit]

     Ukraine
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language

    United Arab Emirates[edit]

     United Arab Emirates
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    Abu Dhabi Abu Dabi
    Ain El Ayn
    Fujairah Füceyre
    Sharjah Şarika

    United Kingdom[edit]

     United Kingdom
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    Cornwall Kernevekeli
    Gibraltar Cebelitarık, Cebel-i Tarık, Cıbralta
    London Londra
    Strait of Gibraltar Cebelitarık Boǧazı, Septe Boǧazı, Zukak, Sokak

    United States[edit]

     United States
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    Albuquerque Albükerk
    Chicago Şikago[9]
    Philadelphia Filadelfiya
    Puerto Rico Porto Riko, Borigin
    Washington, D.C. Vaşington[10]
    California Kaliforniya

    Uzbekistan[edit]

     Uzbekistan
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    Afshana Efşene, İbn-i Sina
    Baykand Baykent, Paykent
    Beruniy Biruni, Beruni, Kat, Kos
    Guliston Güllistan, Mirzaçul
    Itchan Kala İç Kale
    Jizzak Cizzak
    Karakalpakstan Karakalpakistan
    Khiva Hiva, Harezm, Harzem, Harizm
    Khwarezm Harezm Diyarı, Harzem Bölgesi
    Kokand Eski Kurgan, Hokand, Hokant, Kakan, Havakend Endonym also used
    Mo'ynoq Muynak, Moynak
    Namangan Namakkan Endonym also used
    Navoiy Nevai, Navoy, Kermine Endonym also used
    Olmaliq Elmalık
    Qarshi Karşı, Nasaf
    Samarakand Semerkant, Semizkend
    Shahrisabz Şehr-i-Sebz, Keş, Kiş
    Tashkent Taşkent, Şaş, Bin Erik, Binkent, Şaşkent, Çaç, Terken Toshkent Uzbek
    Termez Tirmiz, Termiz Endonym also used
    To'rtko'yl Dörtgöl, Dörtköl
    Urgench Urgenç, Ürgenç
    Xo'jayli Hoca(y)lı

    Vatican City[edit]

      Vatican City
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    St. Peter's Square Aziz Petrus Meydanı, Senpetro

    Yemen[edit]

     Yemen
    English name Turkish name Endonym Notes
    Name Language
    Aden Ade(y)n
    Amran Umran
    Anss Anes
    Arhab Erceb
    Bab-el-Mandeb Bâb'ül Mendeb Boǧazı, Babülmendep
    Bani Al Awam Beni Avam
    Bani Hushaysh Beni Haşiş
    Bayt al-Faqih Beytü'l Fakih
    Bilad Ar Rus Biladü'r Rus
    Cairo Castle Kahire Kalesi
    Dhamar Damar
    Dhu Marmar Di Mermer
    Hajja Hacca Maǧrip, Hicce
    Hamdan Hemedan
    Houta Lahic, Lehic
    Hudadah Hudeyde, Hüdeyde
    Hutayb Hudaip
    Huth Huş
    Ibb Ab, Eb, Ib
    Iyal Surayh Iyal-i Serih
    Jabal Haraz Cebel-i Haraz
    Jabal Sabir Celeblisab(ı)r
    Jibla Cible
    Kamaran Kameran, Kemeran Adası
    Kawkaban Kavkaban, Kevkeban
    Khwlan Havlan
    Luḩayyah Lihye, Luhayye
    Mahrah Mehre
    Makhadir Mehadır
    Manakhah Manaha
    Maqbananh Makbene
    Ma'rib Maǧrib
    Mocha Meha, Moha, Mo(h)ka, Muha
    Mukalla Mukalla, Mükella
    Mutaynah Mutayne
    Nihm Nehem
    Rada' Rada, Reda
    Sa'da Sade
    Sana'a San'a
    Sanhan Sinhan
    Sawadiyah Sevadiye
    Shaghadirah Şekadra
    Shaharah Şehare
    Shaharah Bridge Huş Geçidi
    Socotra Sakotra, Sokotra, Sukutra
    Ta'izz Ta'az, Taiz
    Thula Sula, Tula
    Yafa Yafi
    Yarim Yerim
    Zabid Zabid, Zebid, Zubeyd
    Zuhrah Zühre

    See also[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "KNAB, Place Names Database of EKI: Foreign names". eki.ee.
    2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Prof.Dr. Şükrü Halûk Akalın, Makedonya'da Eğitim Dili Olarak Türkçe
    3. ^ (in Turkish)"Vidin Tarihine Notlar"
    4. ^ (in Turkish)"Osmanlı Devleti'nin İrşeve Kanalı Projesi"
    5. ^ ""Evliya Çelebi: VI. Cilt"". Archived from the original on 2018-04-16. Retrieved 2015-06-24.
    6. ^ ""Sorular"". Archived from the original on 2015-07-17. Retrieved 2015-06-24.
    7. ^ "Sorular-Sosyal Bilimler-Tarih"
    8. ^ ""Villa Weidner"". Archived from the original on 2015-07-17. Retrieved 2015-06-24.
    9. ^ Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Şikago Başkonsolosluğu (Consulate General of Turkey, Chicago)
    10. ^ Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Vaşington Büyükelçiliği (Turkish Embassy, Washington)
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